Historical population
Year | Island Population | Change | Municipal population |
| 1981 | 611 | — | — |
| 1991 | 653 | 6.87% | 725 |
| 2001 | 625 | -4.28% | 745 |
There are some important archaeological discoveries on the island and in the surrounding area, such as the "sunken city" as well as a Chalcolithic period burial site from the Copper Age in the area of Pavlopetri.
The church of Agios Spyridon (Greek: Άγιος Σπυρίδων), built on a tiny piece of land connected to the settlement with a bridge over shallow waters, is the main church of the Elafonisos island community, and a landmark of Elafonisos.
